FIGURE SET

Figure 1a. The number of medium-sized hemlock saplings per hectare as a function of the sugar maple browsing index. The sugar maple browsing index is an indicator of deer browse intensity. The intercept and slope are both significant (ln(saplings) = 2.06—1.58(browse); df = 1, 98; r² = 0.083; P = 0.004). (From Rooney, T. P., McCormick, R. J., Solheim, S. L. and D. M. Waller. 2000. Regional variation in recruitment of hemlock seedlings and saplings in the Upper Great Lakes, USA. Ecological Applications 10(4):1119-1132.)

Figure 1b. Inferred causal relationships between variables affecting hemlock regeneration. Thickness of arrows represents strength of relationship. Solid arrows indicate positive relationships. Dashed arrow indicates negative relationship. Numbers adjacent to arrows indicate the standardized partial regression coefficients (path coefficients) between variables. All direct paths shown are significant at P < 0.05; direct paths that are not statistically significant have been omitted. “Ecological subsection” refers to a broad, ecologically distinct regions characterized by geomorphology, soils, and potential forest cover types. (Adapted from Rooney, T. P., McCormick, R. J., Solheim, S. L. and D. M. Waller. 2000. Regional variation in recruitment of hemlock seedlings and saplings in the Upper Great Lakes, USA. Ecological Applications 10(4):1119-1132.)