VOLUME 1: Table of Contents
TEACHING ISSUES AND EXPERIMENTS IN ECOLOGY
TEACHING
ALL VOLUMES
SUBMIT WORK
SEARCH
Figure Set 3: How have human activities in watersheds changed N export from rivers?
Purpose: Help students better understand how nitrogen loading to watersheds affects input of nitrogen to receiving waters.
Teaching Approach: "pairs share"
Cognitive Skills: (see
Bloom's Taxonomy) — comprehension, interpretation, analysis
Student Assessment: take home quiz
FIGURE SET 3
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Figure 3A. Export of nitrate from river systems worldwide as a function of human population in
the watershed. From I. Valiela. Marine Ecological Processes, Second edition. 1995.
Springer-Verlag, N.Y. and J. J. Cole, B. L. Peierls, N. F. Caraco, and M. L. Pace. 1997.
Nitrogen loading of rivers as a human-driven process. In M. J. McDonnell and S. T. A.
Pickett, eds. Humans as components of ecosystems: the ecology of subtle human
effects and populated areas. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.
Figure 3B. Export of total N from watersheds surrounding the North Atlantic Ocean as a function of net human-caused inputs to their watersheds. Human related inputs are synthetic N fertilizer application, N fixation by leguminous crops, atmospheric inputs of N, and net imports of N in food and feedstock. From P. M. Vitousek, J. D. Aber, R. W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P. A. Matson, D. W. Schindler, W. H. Schlesinger, and D. G. Tilman, 1997. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: causes and consequences. Issues in Ecology 1: 1-15..and R.W. Howarth, G. Billen, D. Swaney, A. Townsend, N. Jaworski, K. Lajtha, A. Downing, R. Elmgreen, N. Caraco, T. Jordan, F. Berendse, J. Freney, V. Kudeyarov, P. Murdoch, and Z. Zhao-liang. 1996. Regional nitrogen budgets and riversine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35: 181-226.
For help, see the essay "Helping Your Students to Interpret Figures and Tables."
Figure 3A. Export of nitrate from river systems worldwide as a function of human population in the watershed. From I. Valiela. Marine Ecological Processes, Second edition. 1995. Springer-Verlag, N.Y. and J. J. Cole, B. L. Peierls, N. F. Caraco, and M. L. Pace. 1997. Nitrogen loading of rivers as a human-driven process. In M. J. McDonnell and S. T. A. Pickett, eds. Humans as components of ecosystems: the ecology of subtle human effects and populated areas. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.
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Figure 3B. Export of total N from watersheds surrounding the North Atlantic Ocean as a function of net human-caused inputs to their watersheds. Human related inputs are synthetic N fertilizer application, N fixation by leguminous crops, atmospheric inputs of N, and net imports of N in food and feedstock. From P. M. Vitoursek, J. D. Aber, R.W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P. A. Matson, D. W. Schindler, W. H. Schlesinger, and D. G. Tilman, 1997. . Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: causes and consequences. Issues in Ecology 1: 1-15..and R.W. Howarth, G. Billen, D. Swaney, A. Townsend, N. Jaworski, K, Lajtha, A. Downing, R. Elmgreen, N. Caraco, T. Jordan, F. Berendse, J. Freney, V. Kudeyarov, P. Murdoch, and Z. Zhao-liang. 1996. Regional nitrogen budgets and riversine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35: 181-226.
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