A grey tree frog (Hyla versicolor).

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A grey tree frog (Hyla versicolor). Amphibian species are declining globally, and pesticides may play a role, but their concentrations are often low in nature. Carbaryl is a common pesticide that can become more lethal for frogs under certain environmental conditions. A recent study has found that predatory stress, a common pressure for most amphibians, can make carbaryl exposure much more deadly to gray tree frogs. This suggests that apparently safe concentrations of pesticides can become more deadly to some amphibian species when combined with predator cues. This photograph originally appeared on the cover of Ecological Applications (13:4) in December of 2003.

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Primary or BEN resource type	Photograph
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Format	jpeg
Ecological Core Concept	Human impacts -- Biodiversity loss Human impacts
Drought & Water-Ecosystem Services Collection	Off
Conservation Targets Under Global Change Collection	Off
Big Data Collection	Off
Editor's Choice	No
Audience	Undergraduate upper division 15-16 Undergraduate lower division 13-14
Pedagogical Use Description	This photograph could be used to illustrate grey tree frogs or amphibians, or it could be used as a starting point for a discussion about global amphibian declines.
Keywords	frog, biodiversity loss, decline, pesticide, predation, carbaryl, lethal, dose, sublethal, nonlethal
Key taxa	grey tree frog, Hyla versicolor
Life science discipline (subject)	Ecology
Primary Author Controlled Name	Rick Relyea
Primary Author Affiliation	Department of Ecology, University of Pittsburgh
Primary Author email	relyea@pitt.edu
Rights	Copyright 2003 by the Ecological Society of America.
Resource Editor	Unknown
Reviewer A	Unknown
Reviewer B	Unknown
Date Of Record Submission	2008-04-08

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