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(4 classifications) (59 resources)

Interspecific interactions

Ecological Core Concept Classifications
Competition (19) Mutualism, symbiosis, and commensalism (16) Parasitism and disease (13)	Predation and herbivory (38)

Resources

		A parsnip webworm (Depressaria pastinacella) feeds on wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) in the Netherlands. A parsnip webworm (Depressaria pastinacella) feeds on wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) in the Netherlands. Both species are native to Europe and were introduced to North America, where they exist...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		*A rare California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica) and potential prey, a wasp (Vespula atropilosa).* The California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica) is a rare carnivorous plant endemic to the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon and northern California. It grows in serpentine fens, a threatened...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		A Red Knot foraging for bivalves in mud exhibits its ability to flex the tips of its upper mandible (rhynchokinesis). Red Knots (Calidris canutus) feed on bivalves that live buried in mud. Using their smart bill tip, Red Knots are able to find such hard-shelled prey very efficiently. Red Knots are highly gregarious,...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		*A red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) foraging on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca).* The red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) and its host plant, common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), share a long evolutionary history. The beetle specializes on the milkweed and feeds on the...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		A ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), a key agent of seed dispersal in southern Madagascar. The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) serves as a key agent of seed dispersal in southern Madagascar, where the landscape is heavily fragmented by agriculture and remaining forest patches are protected...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		A wolf (Canis lupus) in the snow in Banff National Park, which was recolonized by wolves in the 1980s. The Bow Valley in Banff National Park, Canada, was recolonized by wolves (Canis lupus) in the mid-1980s, although wolves did not establish themselves in areas near the growing town of Banff. This...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		*African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the bovine tuberculosis control program at Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa.* The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) population in the bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control program at Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa was studied in 2000-2001 to investigate how chronic infection...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		An ant (Crematogaster opuntiae) visits an extrafloral nectary of a fishhook barrel cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni). An ant (Crematogaster opuntiae) visits an extrafloral nectary of a fishhook barrel cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni). In many mutualistic species interactions, a suite of species in one guild exchanges...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		An Antarctic starfish (Odontaster validus) climbs over an Antarctic scallop (Adamisium colbecki). An Antarctic starfish (Odontaster validus) climbs over an Antarctic scallop (Adamisium colbecki) in the coastal Ross Sea. Antarctic starfish are omnivores with a wide range of potential prey and an...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

		An Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) captures a Least Auklet (Aethia pusilla) in the Aleutian Islands. During the 100-150 years since they were introduced to the Aleutian Islands, the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) have extirpated native seabirds from most of the...	You must be logged in to access all resource information.	More Info

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