ESA EcoEd Digital Library (beta)
The Chilean Mockingbird (Mimus thenca) serves as the primary vector for transmission of mistletoe (Tristerix aphyllus) to its cactus host (Echinopsis chilensis) in Chile. A small proportion of the...
Floral nectar is offered by plants to animals as a reward for pollination. Nectar is usually clear and contains sugar and trace amounts of amino acids. Colored nectar also occurs, but is less common....
A community of wildflowers growing in a restored prairie in southwestern Wisconsin. The community pictured was open to foraging by meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), resulting in vegetation...
Habitat space is a limiting resource for coral-dwelling gobies. The species pictured, Gobiodon histrio, coexists with an ecologically similar species in the same genus, Gobiodon erythrospilus, by...
A female green orchid bee (Euglossa viridissima) gathers floral resins from a Clusia lanceolata plant to use in brood cell construction. A resin mass is visible on the hind leg. Almost 200 species of...
A female parasitoid wasp (Euplemus vuilletti) feeds on its host, a beetle larva (Callosobruchus maculatus), by puncturing the beetle's cuticle with its ovipositor. The wasp creates a feeding tube to...
A female silver studded blue butterfly (Plebejus argus) on a shrub in the Donana National Park of southern Spain. P. argus has a mutualistic association with ants of the genus Lasius and uses the...
The Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) feeds mostly on krill (Euphausia superba). A recent found that fur seals adjust their foraging activity to track the highly variable distribution and...
A leaf shows damage caused by necrosis (cell death) and chlorosis (insufficient chlorophyll production) due to a pathogenic fungus. Such damage reduces the photosynthetic area available to the plant....
Cortinarius favrei grows in the midst of dwarf birch (Betula sp.), Salix sp., Vaccinium sp., and Eriophorum sp. in the Alaskan tundra. The fruiting body (mushroom) of C. favrei is visible in the...
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