ESA EcoEd Digital Library (beta)
The Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) is a threatened species. Many conservation programs aim to increase population size by improving survival and reproduction; however, density dependence may...
The Chilean Mockingbird (Mimus thenca) serves as the primary vector for transmission of mistletoe (Tristerix aphyllus) to its cactus host (Echinopsis chilensis) in Chile. A small proportion of the...
Floral nectar is offered by plants to animals as a reward for pollination. Nectar is usually clear and contains sugar and trace amounts of amino acids. Colored nectar also occurs, but is less common....
A community of wildflowers growing in a restored prairie in southwestern Wisconsin. The community pictured was open to foraging by meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), resulting in vegetation...
Habitat space is a limiting resource for coral-dwelling gobies. The species pictured, Gobiodon histrio, coexists with an ecologically similar species in the same genus, Gobiodon erythrospilus, by...
A female green orchid bee (Euglossa viridissima) gathers floral resins from a Clusia lanceolata plant to use in brood cell construction. A resin mass is visible on the hind leg. Almost 200 species of...
A female parasitoid wasp (Euplemus vuilletti) feeds on its host, a beetle larva (Callosobruchus maculatus), by puncturing the beetle's cuticle with its ovipositor. The wasp creates a feeding tube to...
A female rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) with two eggs. The eggs are the result of parthenogenesis, or asexual reproduction by the female, which occurs in rotifers when growing conditions are...
A female silver studded blue butterfly (Plebejus argus) on a shrub in the Donana National Park of southern Spain. P. argus has a mutualistic association with ants of the genus Lasius and uses the...
Some rows of the field in the photograph contain cotton plants (Gossypium sp) that are genetically engineered to produce a toxin from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Bt kills insects that...
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