ESA EcoEd Digital Library (beta)
A female green orchid bee (Euglossa viridissima) gathers floral resins from a Clusia lanceolata plant to use in brood cell construction. A resin mass is visible on the hind leg. Almost 200 species of...
A female parasitoid wasp (Euplemus vuilletti) feeds on its host, a beetle larva (Callosobruchus maculatus), by puncturing the beetle's cuticle with its ovipositor. The wasp creates a feeding tube to...
A female rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) with two eggs. The eggs are the result of parthenogenesis, or asexual reproduction by the female, which occurs in rotifers when growing conditions are...
A female silver studded blue butterfly (Plebejus argus) on a shrub in the Donana National Park of southern Spain. P. argus has a mutualistic association with ants of the genus Lasius and uses the...
Some rows of the field in the photograph contain cotton plants (Gossypium sp) that are genetically engineered to produce a toxin from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Bt kills insects that...
In mammals, lactation has important effects on maternal and offspring fitness. Pinnipeds (fin-footed mammals) are a good mammalian group for research studies that focus on lactation because in...
This article provides formulas to understand the bioeconomics of world fishery harvesting.
A grey tree frog (Hyla versicolor). Amphibian species are declining globally, and pesticides may play a role, but their concentrations are often low in nature. Carbaryl is a common pesticide that can...
A group of bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) shoal (group together) above a reef at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Shoaling is a common anti-predator behavior for reef fishes such as the...
A herd of alpine ibex (Capra ibex) struggles through deep snow. A recent study examined 45 years of census data for a population of alpine ibex in Gran Paradiso National Park in northwestern Italy....
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